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<h1>State-of-Being Practice Exercises</h1>

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<center><span class="summary">Outline</span></center>
<ol>
<li><a href="#part1">Vocabulary used in this section</a></li>
<li><a href="#part2">Conjugation Exercise 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#part3">Conjugation Exercise 2</a></li>
<li><a href="#part4">Question Answer Exercise</a></li>

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<h2 id="part1">Vocabulary used in this section</h2>
In the following exercises, we will practice the state-of-being conjugations we just covered. But first, you might want to learn
or review the following useful nouns that will be used in the exercises.

<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Kanji</span>
<br />To start with, I have listed the kanji you will need for the vocabulary for your convenience. The link will take you to a diagram of the stroke order.
However, it doesn't clearly show the direction (though you can kind of tell by the animation) so you should check with a kanji dictionary if you're not sure.
I recommend practicing the kanji in the context of real words (such as the ones below).
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3368_%BF%CD">人</a> - person</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3390_%BB%D2">子</a> - child</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?0007_%BE%AE">小</a> - small</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3451_%C3%E6">中</a> - middle</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3416_%C2%E7">大</a> - big</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?2952_%CD%A7">友</a> - friend</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3497_%C0%B8">生</a> - life</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?2394_%C0%E8">先</a> - ahead</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?2555_%B3%D8">学</a> - study</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?0929_%B9%BB">校</a> - school</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?2097_%B9%E2">高</a> - high</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3552_%BC%D6">車</a> - car</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?0088_%B6%A1">供</a> - accompanying</li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/jwb/wwwhalsod?3139_%C3%A3">達</a> - reach</li>
</ol>
</div>


<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Vocabulary</span>
<br />Here is the list of some simple nouns that might be used in the exercises.
<ol>
<li>うん - casual word for "yes" (yeah, uh-huh)</li>
<li>ううん - casual word for "no" (nah, uh-uh)</li>
<li>これ - this</li>
<li>それ - that</li>
<li>あれ - that over there</li>
<li>こう - (things are) this way</li>
<li>そう - (things are) that way</li>
<li>人 【ひと】 - person</li>
<li>大人 【おとな】 - adult</li>
<li>子供 【こども】 - child</li>
<li>友達 【ともだち】 - friend</li>
<li>車 【くるま】 - car</li>
<li>学生 【がくせい】 - student</li>
<li>先生 【せんせい】 - teacher</li>
<li>学校 【がっこう】 - school</li>
<li>小学校 【しょうがっこう】 - elementary school</li>
<li>中学校 【ちゅうがっこう】 - middle school</li>
<li>高校 【こうこう】 - high school</li>
<li>大学 【だいがく】 - college</li>
</ol>
</div>


<h2 id="part2">Conjugation Exercise 1</h2>
We are now going to practice the state-of-being conjugations in order.
Take each noun and conjugate it to the following forms: the declarative, negative state-of-being, past state-of-being, and negative past state-of-being.
<p>
<b>Sample:</b> 人 ＝ <u>人だ</u>、<u>人じゃない</u>、<u>人だった</u>、<u>人じゃなかった</u>
</p>
<div id="exercise1">
<br />
<table class="large" border="0" cellspacing="8">

<tr>
	<td colspan="3">1. <b>これ</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>declarative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">これだ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">これじゃない</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">これだった</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative-past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">これじゃなかった</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td><br /></td></tr>

<tr>
	<td colspan="3">2. <b>大人</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>declarative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大人だ</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>negative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大人じゃない</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大人だった</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative-past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大人じゃなかった</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td><br /></td></tr>

<tr>
	<td colspan="3">3. <b>学校</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>declarative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学校だ</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>negative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学校じゃない</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学校だった</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative-past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学校じゃなかった</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td><br /></td></tr>

<tr>
	<td colspan="3">4. <b>友達</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>declarative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達だ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達じゃない</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達だった</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative-past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達じゃなかった</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td><br /></td></tr>

<tr>
	<td colspan="3">5. <b>学生</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>declarative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学生だ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学生じゃない</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学生だった</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>negative-past</td>
	<td>=</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">学生じゃなかった</span></td>
</tr>


</table>

<div class="sumbox" align="center"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="showAll('exercise1');">Show all answers</a>
 | <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="hideAll('exercise1');">Hide all answers</a></div>

</div>


<h2 id="part3">Conjugation Exercise 2</h2>
In this second exercise, we are really going to test your conjugation knowledge as well as the vocabulary by translating some simple English sentences.
Please note that while the positive, non-past state-of-being can be implied, for the purpose of this exercise, we will assume it's always declaratory. Don't forget that
this creates a very firm and declaratory tone.

<p>
<b>Sample:</b> Is student. ＝ <u>学生だ。</u>
</p>

<div id="exercise2">
<br />
<table class="large" border="0" cellspacing="8">
<tr>
	<td>1. Is college.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大学だ。</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>2. Is not high school.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">高校じゃない。</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>3. Was teacher.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">先生だった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>4. Is adult.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">大人だ。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>5. Was not child.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">子供じゃなかった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>6. This was the way it was.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">こうだった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>7. Wasn't that over there.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">あれじゃなかった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>8. Is not middle school.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">中学校じゃない。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>9. Is friend.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達だ。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>10. Was not car.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">車じゃなかった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>11. Was this.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">これだった。</span></td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<td>12. That's not the way it is.</td>
	<td>＝</td>
	<td class="answerline"><span class="hide">そうじゃない。</span></td>
</tr>
</table>

<div class="sumbox" align="center"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="showAll('exercise2');">Show all answers</a>
 | <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="hideAll('exercise2');">Hide all answers</a></div>

</div>

<h2 id="part4">Question Answer Exercise</h2>
In this last exercise, we'll practice answering very simple questions using the state-of-being. The yes or no answer （うん or ううん） will be given and it is your
job to complete the sentence. In deciding whether to use the declaratory 「だ」, I've decided to be sexist here and assume all males use the declaratory 「だ」 and all
females use the implicit state-of-being (not the case in the real world).
<br />
<br />

<b>Sample:</b>
<br />Ｑ）　学生？
<br />Ａ）　ううん、<u>学生じゃない</u>。

<div id="exercise4">
<br />
<table class="large" border="0" cellspacing="8">
<tr>
	<td>Ｑ１）　友達？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ１）　うん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">友達</span></span>。 <span style="font-size:.7em;">(female)</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ２）　学校？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ２）　ううん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">学校じゃない</span></span>。</td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>


<tr>
	<td>Ｑ３）　それだった？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ３）　ううん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">それじゃなかった</span></span>。</td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ４）　そう？ <span style="font-size:.7em;">(Is that so?)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ４）　うん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">そうだ</span></span>。 <span style="font-size:.7em;">(male)</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ５）　これ？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ５）　ううん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">それじゃない</span></span>。<span style="font-size:.7em;">(object is away from the speaker)</span></td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ６）　先生だった？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ６）　うん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">先生だった</span></span>。</td>
</tr>

<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ７）　小学校だった？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ７）　ううん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">小学校じゃなかった</span></span>。</td>
</tr>


<tr><td /></tr>

<tr>
	<td>Ｑ８）　子供？</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Ａ８）　うん、<span class="answerline"><span class="hide">子供</span></span>。 <span style="font-size:.7em;">(female)</span></td>
</tr>
</table>

<div class="sumbox" align="center"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="showAll('exercise4');">Show all answers</a>
 | <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="hideAll('exercise4');">Hide all answers</a></div>

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<div class="small" style="text-align:right;"><pre>This page has last been revised on 2005/8/2
Added tenses for the conjugation exercise (2005/8/2)</pre></div>

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